Makara Sankranthi is the first festival after the New Year dawns, which most of us in Karnataka look forward to. It truly is 'Habbada Sadagara' at home and surely, we all have fond memories of the festival from our childhood days!
Many of us would recall preparations starting off weeks in
advance. These days life has become so simple. Everything is available for the
festival in the nick of time. Jaggery and coconut, cut into small squares, are available in stores and can be mixed at home. Even better (or
worse?), we get ready made ‘Yellu bella’ mix at the neighbourhood grocery stores in
India. Just buy them, pack and distribute it.
Yet, there is something beautiful about putting the ingredients together, ourselves. And that truly reflects our festive spirit in many ways.
Many of us would remember growing up watching our mothers (or
grandmothers) 'passionately' cutting bella/jaggery and kobbari/coconut in front
of 'eeligemane' (a knife jutting out of a wooden plank). This is a job which
needs utmost patience. Hours would go by while you wait for these bella and
kobbari to become crisp in the December sun! First week of January would go by making Sakkare achchu/sugar figurines. Closer to the day we neatly packed
the Yellu bella mixture with sakkare achchu packets. Keeping these packets away
from ants was another task!
On the day of Sankranthi we eagerly waited for the exchanged
Yellu bella to taste them. We carefully opened each packet so that the sugar
figurines were intact and beamed with joy if we got any special designs –
animals, temples, trees, etc.
This post is especially for those who live away from home, and
reminisce about family and festivities. And of course, those for whom the
homemade items always hold a special place. We will aid you with the
preparations for this Makara Sankranthi!
Note that the below procedures are merely a guide towards what
you can do to celebrate the spirit of the festival and in no way is a MUST for
you to practice or follow.
In Karnataka, Makara Sankranthi is celebrated for 3 days.
Bhogi habba
The first day is Bhogi habba (falls on 14th January this year) celebrated by the Tamilians and the Madhwa Brahmins.
Thithi - Dvitiya
Nakshatra - Sravana
Things to be arranged prior to the festival
The houses are cleaned up and painted. Rangolis are drawn in the front yard. On this day, people decorate their homes. Old and unwanted things are burnt. Oil is applied to the hair, followed by a hair wash. Preparation of a special dish.
The grand feast comprises of delicious Huggi and Gojju. This is a dish prepared using Rice and split Green Gram with spices.
The Tamilians in Karnataka (and Tamil Nadu) prepare Pongal – a sweet dish made of milk and rice. Cooking is done in sunlight, usually in a porch or courtyard, as the dish is dedicated to the Sun god, Surya. The cooking is done in a clay pot which is decorated with colorful patterns. The prepared dish is served on banana leaves.
A huge bonfire of useless things in home is lit that is kept burning throughout the night.
A huge bonfire of useless things in home is lit that is kept burning throughout the night.
In North Karnataka, on this day women begin the day by head bathing with ಎಳ್ಳು- ಅಕ್ಕಿ- ಅರಿಶಿನ mixture (which is considered beneficial for the skin during winter). ಅಕ್ಕಿ acts as scrub and the other two items have excellent antiseptic properties.Women also apply kajal to the eyes. Delicious food such as Sajji/Bhajra Roti is prepared on Bhogi.
‘Kari Yeriyodu’ is a special ritual to be performed on the evening of Bhogi day. Children aged 5 and below in the house are dressed up in ornaments made of Kusuri Kalu and are made to sit on a mat. A mixture of puffed rice, berries (Yelachi hannu), Silver/Gold items, sugarcane pieces (kabbu), coins – and the latest additions - chocolates, sugar candy, coins are mixed and poured over their head to their delight (this mixture is also called ‘Bhogi Pandlu’). An aarathi is also performed for the little ones. The neighbours are invited to participate in this it. The significance of this ritual is to protect young kids from the evil forces.
Makara Sankranthi
The second day is Makara Sankranthi (falls on 15th January this year) for most folks in Karnataka.
Thithi –
Tritiya
Nakshatra
- Dhanishta
- Cleaning of your house
- Decoration of the house with mango leaves, flowers and rangoli
- Sun roasting and fire roasting of sesame seeds, groundnuts, fried gram and coconut a week prior to the festival.
- Preparation of the Yellu bella mixture, buying of sugar cane cut pieces, Yelachi hannu, bananas and Kusuri Kalu, making of Sakkare Achchu and a special dish (sweet Pongal, Huggi-Gojju, various rice items, etc).
- Arrange the Puja Room – (if possible get an image or picture of God Surya) and the Neivedhya to offer to the God.
Process of Sankranti Puja
The following items can be kept for the offering:
If you are in the Karwar region
you have an extraordinary celebration to plan for. Special poojas and colourful
fireworks at Sri Krishna Mutt and other temples across the district create a
traditional environment around the town of Udupi
on the eve of Makara Sankranthi festival
on Friday January 14. The festival is
celebrated for seven days and so is called 'Saptotsava'. The temple street is
filled with thousands of devotees to witness the beautiful celebration and take
the blessings of the Lord.
Things to be arranged prior to the festival -
Red rice and yellow rice are
prepared using turmeric and kumkuma. The turmeric leaves are arranged on the
rangoli on the terrace and small balls made out of the pongal, red rice and
yellow rice are arranged on the leaves. This is offered along with the tamboola
and sugarcane to the Sun God. Finally, an aarathi is performed for the brothers
with turmeric water & limestone and this water is poured on the rangoli in
front of the house.
In North Karnataka, this festival is called 'Kari' - literally means black. This day is observed by a few and is believed to be inauspicious by some. Dishes fried in oil are prepared on this day. New born babies are showered with fruits/churmuri/sugarcane, in this region.
- The puja is performed when the Sun enters Makara Rashi. Usually it is performed after sunrise - anytime until noon.
- A special pooja is performed to the gods and an offering is made (Neivedhya).
- Light the lamp. Usually a lamp with two wicks is lit on Makar Sankranti or two lamps can also be lit.
- Start your prayers by remembering Lord Ganesha and next pray to Lord Surya.
- For Puja you can break a coconut and place it on a tray along with betel leaves and betel nuts.
- Place some flowers and rice mixed with turmeric powder before the idol of the deity in your puja room.
- Place ‘Pongal’, a dish prepared from the recent rice harvest and distribute the Neivedhya.
The following items can be kept for the offering:
- A mixture of Yellu bella (Sesame Seeds, Jaggery, Groundnuts, Fried Gram and Coconut)
- Sakkare Achchu/Sugar candy moulds of various shapes
- Sugarcane
- Banana
- Yelachi hannu/Jujube
- Kusuri Kalu/Sesame Seeds coated with sugar
- Sakkare Pongal/Sweet rice
In the evenings, young ladies (kids & teenagers) wear new clothes to visit friends, family and relatives
with a Sankranthi offering in a plate, and exchange the same with other families.
This ritual is called ‘Yellu Beerodu’. Here the plate would normally contain
‘Yellu’ (white sesame seeds) mixed with roasted groundnuts, neatly cut dry
coconut & fine cut bella (Jaggery). The mixture is called ‘Yellu-Bella’.
The plate also contains Sakkare Achchu with a piece of sugarcane. There is a
saying in Kannada “Yellu bella thindu
olle maathadi" which translates to 'eat
the mixture of sesame seeds and jaggery, and speak only well.' This
festival marks the harvest of the season, since sugarcane is grown predominantly in
these parts.
In some parts of Karnataka, it is
a practice that a newly married woman gives away bananas for a period of 5 years
to other married women (‘muthaidhe’) from the first year of her marriage, with
an increase in the number of bananas in multiples of five, every year. There is
also a tradition of some households giving away red berries ‘Yelchi Kai’ along
with the above.
In some communities, if there is
a new-born male child, then silver cups filled with fried savories are gifted
to five women. It is also known that some communities gift silver idols of
Krishna (if a male child) or of Aandal (if a female one).
In North
Karnataka , people exchange Kusuri Kalu/Sesame seeds coated with
sugar and greet one another with “Yellu bella thindu, Olle Maathu Aadu”. Popular dishes prepared here are
If you are in the Karwar region
you have an extraordinary celebration to plan for. Special poojas and colourful
fireworks at Sri Krishna Mutt and other temples across the district create a
traditional environment around the town of
During this festival Teppotsava
is performed. After the night puja, Brahmaratha (of Lord Sri Krishna),
Garudaratha (of Lord Hanuman), and Mahapuja ratha (with utsava murtis of Lord
Ananteshwara and Lord Chandramouleshwara) chariots are pulled. This is followed
by ‘Muru Teru Utsav’ programme. The most awaited ‘Teppotsava’ and the religious
rites in Madhwa Sarovar in Sri Krishna Mutt and the colourful display of
fireworks add to the specialty of the celebrations on this occasion.
Kanu Habba
Also called 'Kari' in North Karnataka.
Thithi –
Chaturthi
Nakshatra
- Satabhisha
Things to be arranged prior to the festival -
- A Rangoli in your front yard / in front of the main door.
- A piece of fresh turmeric
- Prepare red rice and yellow rice, using turmeric and kumkum
- A Rangoli on the terrace
- Turmeric leaves
- Tamboola
- Sugarcane bits
- Arathi with turmeric powder and chunam (plaster made of shell-lime and sand)
Kanu Habba is celebrated mostly
by the Tamilians. It is the third day of Sankranthi (falls on 15th January this year). In the morning, a ritual
takes place wherein turmeric is marked on the forehead of ladies and unmarried
girls, by the gents and elders. The ladies seek their blessings for ‘sowmangalya’
and ‘to get a good husband’ respectively.
Red rice and yellow rice are
prepared using turmeric and kumkuma. The turmeric leaves are arranged on the
rangoli on the terrace and small balls made out of the pongal, red rice and
yellow rice are arranged on the leaves. This is offered along with the tamboola
and sugarcane to the Sun God. Finally, an aarathi is performed for the brothers
with turmeric water & limestone and this water is poured on the rangoli in
front of the house.
In North Karnataka, this festival is called 'Kari' - literally means black. This day is observed by a few and is believed to be inauspicious by some. Dishes fried in oil are prepared on this day. New born babies are showered with fruits/churmuri/sugarcane, in this region.
It is also a festival dedicated
to cattle. People offer prayers to the bulls, cows and other farm animals as
they are not only sacred, but also useful in daily life. On this day, which is
Maattu Pongal for Tamilians, animals are decorated with colorful paper, bells
and strings, their horns and hooves are painted with bright colours. They are
raced on fire to mark the festival of Sankranthi and Kanu Habba.
Religious Procedures
From a religious viewpoint there
are other things that one can do as a part of Makara Sankranthi:
1. Observe Uttarayana Parva
Kala: The Vedic meaning of Parva is said to be a Knot, a Confluence, and a
Celebration. Based on the meanings, the time of confluence of two periods is
called as Parvakala. Since the time of confluence of two seasons Dakshinayana
and Uttarayana is considered to be very holy, auspicious and celestial and is
called as Parva Kala.
It is said that during any
Parvakala one has to take sacred bath, perform prayer, Japa, penance, and give
Charity (Daana). Those who have lost their parents should also give Tarpana
(libation) to their forefathers. This day one should desist from sensual
pleasures, should not apply oil to the body/head, and should take only vegetarian
food.
2. Shat Tila karma:
Scientifically, during winters one needs to consume food that generates heat in
the body. Sesame seeds have oil in them that generates heat in the body. Even
consuming jaggery during winters is considered good as it generates heat in the
body. These items provide enough heat to the body needed during the winters.
Sesame seeds are high in protein, fibre, vitamin B-complex, magnesium, calcium,
iron and copper. They have one of the highest oil contents of any seed and are
rich in vitamins and minerals.
It is said that on this day one
should use Til (Sesame) seeds in six ways –
Tila Snana (application of sesame oil before a bath)
Tila Deepa (lighting of the lamp with sesame oil)
Tila Homa (or havan is a ritual in which making offerings into a consecrated fire is the primary action)
Tila tarpana ( a sacred ritual where the closest relatives make a sacred offering to the Gods so that the departed soul may enter heaven)
Tila Dana and bhakshana (charity of sesame)
Til used in food
Tila Deepa (lighting of the lamp with sesame oil)
Tila Homa (or havan is a ritual in which making offerings into a consecrated fire is the primary action)
Tila tarpana ( a sacred ritual where the closest relatives make a sacred offering to the Gods so that the departed soul may enter heaven)
Tila Dana and bhakshana (charity of sesame)
Til used in food
Worshipping the Gods Narayana and
the Sun is highly meritorious during this time. Paarayana of Vishnu Sahasranama
sthothra, Aaditya Hridaya, Purusha Sooktha, Sri Rama Raksha Sthothra and
Gayathri Japa, are useful prayers suggested at this time.
3. Tila Dana:
Donating Til seeds on this day with dakshina (any offering – clothes, fruits,
money) is considered as very sacred and meritorious.
4. Vasthra Dana: As
per Masa dharma, being Pushya Masa donating clothes to a Brahmin is sacred and
meritorious.
5. Kushmanda Dana:
Donating of Pumpkin on this day is also meritorious.
Note that the above procedures are merely a guide towards what
you can do to celebrate the spirit of the festival and in no way is a MUST for
you to practice or follow.
If you know of any ritual practice that has been missed out
above – mail us with the details to the email ID below. We would love to hear
what you have to say!
Write to: bangalorepress.blogspot.com
Our next post will provide you with mouth-watering recipes to
prepare the most popular Makara Sankranthi dishes!
Stay Tuned!
